Common Legal Misconceptions

Widely believed but incorrect assumptions about business law, immigration, and contracts in the United States.

Attorney-ReviewedUnited StatesUpdated January 15, 2026

Legal myths lead to costly mistakes. This guide addresses misconceptions that business owners, entrepreneurs, and individuals commonly have about U.S. law. Understanding these distinctions helps you make better decisions.

Misconception

"Forming an LLC gives me a visa"

Owning an LLC does not grant any visa or immigration status. These are entirely separate legal processes.

You can own a U.S. company without having permission to live or work in the country. Certain visas like E-2 require substantial investment and active business operations—but the LLC itself is not what qualifies you. The visa application is a separate process through USCIS.

Misconception

"Delaware is always the best choice"

Delaware makes sense for specific situations: venture-backed startups, complex equity structures, or plans to go public. For simpler businesses, it can be overkill.

If you operate only in one state, forming your LLC there is often simpler and cheaper. You avoid paying fees in two states and dealing with foreign qualification requirements. Delaware's advantages matter most when sophisticated investors or legal structures are involved.

Misconception

"A U.S. LLC lets me avoid all taxes"

U.S. LLCs have tax obligations. The specifics depend on your residency, where you conduct business, and whether you have U.S.-sourced income.

Tax treatment varies based on how the LLC is classified (disregarded entity, partnership, or corporation) and your personal tax situation. Non-residents may still owe U.S. taxes on certain income. Professional tax advice is essential—generic information cannot replace it.

Misconception

"A contract is only valid if notarized"

Most contracts are valid without notarization. A contract requires offer, acceptance, consideration, and mutual intent—not a notary stamp.

Notarization adds authentication but is only legally required for specific documents like real estate deeds in some jurisdictions. Standard business contracts, NDAs, and service agreements do not need notarization to be enforceable.

Misconception

"An NDA protects all my information"

NDAs only protect information that qualifies as confidential under the agreement. Public information and independently developed knowledge cannot be restricted.

Courts will not enforce overly broad confidentiality clauses. Information that is already public, was known before the NDA, or was independently developed by the other party falls outside protection. Define your confidential information clearly and specifically.

Misconception

"Independent contractors have no legal protections"

Contractors have different protections than employees—but they are not unprotected. Contract law, payment rights, and intellectual property protections still apply.

Contractors can enforce payment terms through contract law, retain intellectual property rights if the contract allows, and sue for breach. What they lack are employment-specific benefits: unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, and employer-provided health coverage.

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Key Takeaways

  • 1.Business formation and immigration are separate legal processes
  • 2.Liability protection requires ongoing compliance, not just registration
  • 3.Written contracts are preferable for evidentiary purposes
  • 4.Tax obligations depend on multiple factors—get professional advice
  • 5.Independent contractors have rights, just different ones than employees

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Practical Implications

Who this affects

  • Individuals relying on informal legal assumptions
  • Small business owners without legal counsel
  • First-time founders

Immediate risk

Acting on common misconceptions may result in inadequate legal protection or unintended obligations.

Next procedural step

Identify which assumptions apply to your situation and verify them against the applicable statutory or regulatory framework.

Sources are presented in normative order. Lower-tier materials do not override higher-tier authority.

  • 26 U.S.C. § 7701(a)Definitions — entity classification and domestic/foreign status
  • 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(15)(E)Immigration and Nationality Act — treaty trader and treaty investor visa classifications
  • 26 C.F.R. §§ 301.7701-1 through 301.7701-3Entity classification regulations (check-the-box)
  • 6 Del. C. § 18-101 et seq.Delaware Limited Liability Company Act
  • Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 17 (1981)Requirement of a bargain — formation of enforceable contracts

Cite This Entry

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EchoLegal, “Common Legal Misconceptions,” EchoLegal Legal Encyclopedia, v1.0 (last updated Jan 15, 2026), https://echo-legal.com/en/encyclopedia/common-misconceptions.

Bluebook

Common Legal Misconceptions, EchoLegal Legal Encyclopedia (last updated Jan 15, 2026), https://echo-legal.com/en/encyclopedia/common-misconceptions.

Citation ID:ecl-enc-00005

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LEGAL DISCLAIMER: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction. Consult a licensed attorney for advice specific to your situation. Prepared under the supervision of a New York-licensed attorney.

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